Friday GMAT Quizzing 7- Verbal Ability

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Questions 1&2 Mark: Plastic-foam cups, which contain environmentally harmful chlorofluorocarbons, should no longer be used; paper cups are preferable. Styrene, a carcinogenic by-product, is generated in foam production, and foam cups, once used, persist indefinitely in the environment. Tina: You overlook the environmental effects of paper cups. A study done 5 years ago showed that making paper for their production burned more petroleum than was used for foam cups and used 12 times as much steam, 36 times as much electricity, and twice as much cooling water. Because paper cups weigh more, their transportation takes more energy. Paper mills produce water pollution, and when the cups decay they produce methane, a gas that contributes to harmful global warming. So they are a worse choice. 1. Which one of the following, if true, could Mark cite to counter evidence offered by Tina?

The use of energy for chain saws that cut down trees and for trucks that haul logs is part of the environmental cost of manufacturing paper.
Foam cups are somewhat more acceptable to consumers than paper cups because of their better insulating qualities.
The production and transportation of petroleum occasions serious environmental pollution, but the energy that runs paper mills now comes from burning waste wood rather than petroleum.
The amount of styrene escaping into the environment or remaining in foam cups after their manufacture is negligible.
Acre for acre, tree farms for the production of wood for paper have fewer beneficial effects on the environment than do natural forests than remain uncut.

2. To decide the issue between Mark and Tina, it would first be most important to decide

how soon each of the kinds of harm cited by Mark and Tina would be likely to be at its maximum level
whether members of some societies use, on average, more disposable goods than do members of other societies
whether it is necessary to seek a third alternative that has none of the negative consequences cited with respect to the two products
how much of the chains of causation involved in the production, marketing, and disposal of the products should be considered in analyzing their environmental impact
whether paper and foam cups, in their most popular sizes, hold the same quantities of liquid

3. The trustees of the Avonbridge summer drama workshop have decided to offer scholarships to the top 10 percent of local applicants and the top 10 percent of nonlocal applicants as judged on the basis of a qualifying audition. They are doing this to ensure that only the applicants with the most highly evaluated auditions are offered scholarships to the program. Which one of the following points out why the trustees’ plan might not be effective in achieving its goal?

The best actors can also apply for admission to another program and then not enroll in the Avonbridge program.
Audition materials that produce good results for one actor may disadvantage another, resulting in inaccurate assessment.
The top 10 percent of local and nonlocal applicants might not need scholarships to the Avonbridge program.
Some of the applicants who are offered scholarships could have less highly evaluated auditions than some of the applicants who are not offered scholarships.
Dividing applicants into local and nonlocal groups is unfair because it favors nonlocal applicants.

4. Book Review: When I read a novel set in a city I know well, I must see that the writer knows the city as well as I do if I am to take that writer seriously. If the writer is faking, I know immediately and do not trust the writer. When a novelist demonstrates the required knowledge, I trust the story teller, so I trust the tale. This trust increases my enjoyment of a good novel. Peter Lee’s second novel is set in San Francisco, in this novel, as in his first, Lee passes my test with flying colors. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?

The book reviewer enjoys virtually any novel written by a novelist whom she trusts.
If the book reviewer trusts the novelist as a storyteller, the novel in question must be set in a city the book reviewer knows well.
Peter Lee’s first novel was set in San Francisco.
The book reviewer does not trust any novel set in a city that she does not know well.
The book reviewer does not believe that she knows San Francisco better than Peter Lee does.

5. Certain governments subsidize certain basic agricultural products in order to guarantee an adequate domestic production of them. But subsidies encourage more intensive farming, which eventually leads to soil exhaustion and drastically reduced yields. The situation above is most nearly similar to which one of the following situations with respect to the relationship between the declared intent of a government practice and a circumstance relevant to it?

Certain governments subsidize theaters in order to attract foreign tourists. But tourists rarely choose a destination for the theatrical performances it has to offer.
Certain governments restrict imports in order to keep domestic producers in business. But, since domestic producers do not have to face the full force of foreign competition, some domestic producers are able to earn inordinately high profits.
Certain governments build strong armed forces in order to forestall armed conflict, but in order to maintain the sort of discipline and morale that keeps armed forces strong, those forces must be used in actual combat periodically.
Certain governments reduce taxes on business in order to stimulate private investment. But any investment is to some extent a gamble, and new business ventures are not always as successful as their owners hoped.
Certain governments pass traffic laws in order to make travel safer. But the population-driven growth in volumes of traffic often has the effect of making travel less safe despite the passage of new traffic laws.

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